modal auxiliaries

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Chapter 2

MODAL AUXILIARIES

Sub topics

• modal auxiliaries used in present tense
• modal auxiliaries used in past tense

        modal auxiliaries ( also called modal verbs ) are special verbs that has special meaning and function, and normally used to modify other verbs. modal auxiliaries are only used in present or past tenses, but the present tense is also used to describe the future tenses.

        in the present or future tense, the modal auxiliaries are companied by the simple form of verbs ( the infinitive without "to" ). however, in past tense there are two forms of modal auxiliaries used, i.e. simply use the past form or use the past form in combination with present perfect form. Thus, the formula of the sentences employing modal auxiliaries are as follows :

Present and future tense : Subject + modal ( present) + verb ( type I )

past tense                      : Subject + modal ( past ) + verb ( type I )

                                      Subject + modal ( past ) + have + verb ( type III )

There are six words that are categorized as modal auxiliaries as indicated in the following table.

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Modal auxiliaries	Present/future	PAST
Can	Can	Could	Could Have
May	May	Might	Might have
Shall	Shall	Should	Should have
Will	Will	Would	Would have
Must ( Have/has to )	Must ( have/has to )	Must ( had to )	Must have
Ought to	Ought to	Ought to	Ought to have

examples : 

1. A strong insecticide can kill grasshopers and bugs effectively

•  A strong insecticide could kill grasshopers and bugs effectively
•  A strong insecticide could have killed grasshopers and bugs effectively.   

2. Hasan shall go to the farm early in the morning

• Hasan should go to the farm early in the morning.
• Hasan should have gone to the farm early in the morning.

vocabulary :

grasshopers : belalang
bugs : hama kutu

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sumber : 

bahan ajaran mata kuliah bahasa inggris oleh Prof.Dr.H.zulkarnain. M.hort.         (dengan perubahan seperlunya )